![]() ![]() Hirayama T, Ikeda M (1979) Applicability of carbon felt to the dosimetry of solvent vapor mixture. ![]() Biological monitoring parameters for methanol exposure. Heinrich R, Angerer J (1982) Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. Hasegawa K, Shiojima S, Koizumi A, Ikeda M (1983) Hippuric acid and o-cresol in the urine of workers exposed to toluene. Hasegawa K, Seiji K, Shiojima S, Koizumi A, Ikeda M (1979) Comparative evaluation of colorimetry, GLC and HPLC determination of hippuric acid in urine. Comparison of urinary methanol concentration with formic acid excretion rate as a measure of occupational exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 54:355–363įerry DG, Temple WA, McQueen EG (1980) Methanol monitoring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75:466–478Įngström K, Riihimäki V, Laine A (1984) Urinary disposition of ethylbenzene and m-xylene in man following separate and combined exposure. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 23:132–143Įlovaara E, Engström K, Vainio H (1984) Metabolism and disposition of simultaneously inhaled m-xylene and ethylbenzene in the rats. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 108–109Įlkins HB (1962) Maximum allowable concentrations of mixtures. VCM, WeinheimĮlkins HB (1958) The chemistry of industrial toxicology. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 42:241–249ĭeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1989) Maximum concentrations at workplace and biological tolerance values for working materials 1989. Formic acid concentration in blood and urine as an indicator of methanol exposure. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 38–63īaumann K, Angerer J (1979) Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. In: Snyder R (ed) Ethyl Browningś toxicity and metabolism of industrial solvents, 2nd edn, vol 1. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 41 :551–556Īntti-Poika M, Kalliokoski P, Hänninen O (1987) Toluene. ![]() Cincinnati, USAĪngerer J, Lehnert G (1977) Occupational exposure to methanol. Comparison of the present results with the exposure - excretion relationship after occupational exposure to the individual solvent showed that no modification in metabolism is induced by the combined exposure when exposure is low, as in the present case.Īmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (1990) 1990–1991 Threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. The concentrations of hippuric, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids as well as methanol in urine correlated with the respiratory exposure intensity. Namely, toluene, styrene and methanol concentrations in blood obtained at the end of a shift are linearly related to the time-weighted average intensity of exposure to corresponding solvents, and also hippuric, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids as well as methanol in shift-end urine. Regression analysis showed that a linear correlation exists for each of the 3 solvents between any pairs of the concentrations in air, blood and urine. The exposure of most of the workers was below current occupational exposure limits. Exposure of 34 male workers to combined toluene, styrene and methanol was monitored by personal diffusive sampling of solvent vapours in breathing zone air, analysis of shift-end blood for the 3 solvents and analysis of shift-end urine for hippuric, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids and methanol. ![]()
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